RHCSA Question Training (English) - Unofficial

Plateforme d’entrainement

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• itexams.com

1-16. User and Group Management

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Question 1:

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Which command is used to create a new user account in a Red Hat-based system?

A. useradd
B. usermod
C. groupadd
D. userdel

Question 2:

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How can you set a password for a user when creating the account?

A. passwd -c <username>
B. usermod -p <username>
C. useradd -p <password>
D. passwd <username>

Question 3:

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Which command is used to modify an existing user account’s properties?

A. useradd
B. groupmod
C. usermod
D. passwd

Question 4:

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How do you delete a user and their home directory?

A. userdel -r <username>
B. useradd -d <username>
C. usermod -r <username>
D. userdel <username>

Question 5:

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Which file contains the encrypted password for a local user on a Red Hat system?

A. /etc/passwd
B. /etc/group
C. /etc/shadow
D. /etc/sudoers

Question 6:

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Which command would you use to add a user to an existing group?

A. groupadd <groupname> <username>
B. usermod -g <groupname> <username>
C. gpasswd -a <username> <groupname>
D. groupmod -a <username>

Question 7:

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How can you check the groups a user belongs to?

A. groupmod -l <username>
B. groups <username>
C. usermod -g <username>
D. groupadd <username>

Question 8:

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Which command would you use to lock a user account to prevent login?

A. usermod -L <username>
B. passwd -l <username>
C. userdel <username>
D. usermod -l <username>

Question 9:

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What is the correct command to unlock a previously locked user account?

A. passwd -u <username>
B. usermod -U <username>
C. passwd -l <username>
D. usermod -L <username>

Question 10:

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How can you force a user to change their password at the next login?

A. passwd -e <username>
B. passwd -d <username>
C. usermod -p <username>
D. passwd -l <username>

Question 11:

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Which file contains group membership information?

A. /etc/passwd
B. /etc/shadow
C. /etc/group
D. /etc/sudoers

Question 12:

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What does the -G option in the usermod command do?

A. Sets the user’s primary group
B. Removes the user from all groups
C. Appends the user to the specified additional groups
D. Creates a new group

Question 13:

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Which command would you use to change a user’s home directory?

A. usermod -d /new/home <username>
B. usermod -m <username>
C. useradd -d <username>
D. passwd -d <username>

Question 14:

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Which command is used to delete an existing group?

A. groupdel <groupname>
B. groupmod -d <groupname>
C. groupremove <groupname>
D. groupadd -r <groupname>

Question 15:

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What happens when you use the command usermod -l <newname> <oldname>?

A. The user’s group name is changed
B. The user’s account is deleted
C. The user’s login name is changed
D. The user’s home directory is renamed

Question 16:

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Which command would you use to list all the users currently logged into the system?

A. whoami
B. users
C. who
D. usermod

17-33. Package Management with dnf

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Question 17:

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What is the correct command to install a package using dnf?

A. dnf install <package_name>
B. dnf add <package_name>
C. dnf update <package_name>
D. dnf download <package_name>

Question 18:

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How do you update all installed packages to the latest version using dnf?

A. dnf update
B. dnf install
C. dnf upgrade
D. dnf refresh

Question 19:

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How can you list all the enabled repositories in your system?

A. dnf repolist enabled
B. dnf list repo
C. dnf list repositories
D. dnf show repos

Question 20:

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Which command would you use to remove a package using dnf?

A. dnf delete <package_name>
B. dnf uninstall <package_name>
C. dnf remove <package_name>
D. dnf purge <package_name>

Question 21:

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How do you install a specific version of a package using dnf?

A. dnf install <package_name>-<version>
B. dnf update <package_name>-<version>
C. dnf install --version <version> <package_name>
D. dnf install <package_name>@<version>

Question 22:

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Which command would you use to check for dependencies before installing a package?

A. dnf depcheck <package_name>
B. dnf resolve <package_name>
C. dnf check <package_name>
D. dnf repoquery --requires <package_name>

Question 23:

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How do you clean cached dnf metadata to ensure fresh package data?

A. dnf refresh-cache
B. dnf clean all
C. dnf purge cache
D. dnf clear-cache

Question 24:

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How do you enable a repository temporarily for a single dnf command?

A. dnf enable-repo <repo_name>
B. dnf --repo <repo_name>
C. dnf --enablerepo=<repo_name>
D. dnf repolist enable <repo_name>

Question 25:

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Which command allows you to search for a package by keyword in its name or description?

A. dnf find <keyword>
B. dnf search <keyword>
C. dnf query <keyword>
D. dnf list <keyword>

Question 26:

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How do you list all available package groups?

A. dnf group list
B. dnf grouplist
C. dnf group show
D. dnf list groups

Question 27:

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What is the correct command to install a package group?

A. dnf group install <group_name>
B. dnf groupadd <group_name>
C. dnf group apply <group_name>
D. dnf install <group_name>

Question 28:

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How do you list all installed packages on the system?

A. dnf list --installed
B. dnf list all
C. dnf info installed
D. dnf show installed

Question 29:

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How can you remove all packages from a package group?

A. dnf group remove <group_name>
B. dnf group delete <group_name>
C. dnf group uninstall <group_name>
D. dnf remove-group <group_name>

Question 30:

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How can you prioritize a repository over others when using dnf?

A. Edit /etc/yum.conf and set the priority option
B. Use dnf set-priority <repo_name>
C. Set a priority value in the repository’s .repo file
D. Use dnf --priority=<number> <repo_name>

Question 31:

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Which command shows detailed information about a specific package?

A. dnf info <package_name>
B. dnf describe <package_name>
C. dnf list <package_name>
D. dnf query <package_name>

Question 32:

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How can you view the changelog of a package using dnf?

A. dnf changelog <package_name>
B. dnf log <package_name>
C. dnf history <package_name>
D. dnf check <package_name>

Question 33:

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How do you rollback a recent package update in dnf?

A. dnf undo <transaction_id>
B. dnf history undo <transaction_id>
C. dnf rollback <transaction_id>
D. dnf revert <transaction_id>

34-49. Managing File System Permissions

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Question 34:

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What permission is represented by the following: rwxr-xr--?

A. Read, write, and execute for the owner; read and execute for the group; read only for others
B. Read, write, and execute for the owner and group; read only for others
C. Read, write, and execute for the owner; read and write for the group; no permission for others
D. Read and write for the owner and group; no permission for others

Question 35:

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How do you change the ownership of a file to a different user?

A. chown <file_name> <user>
B. chmod <user> <file_name>
C. chown <user> <file_name>
D. chgrp <user> <file_name>

Question 36:

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Which command is used to change the group ownership of a file?

A. chmod
B. chgrp
C. chown
D. getfacl

Question 37:

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What special permission allows regular users to execute a file with the permissions of the file’s owner?

A. SGID
B. SUID
C. Sticky bit
D. ACL

Question 38:

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Which command is used to set special permissions (SUID, SGID, Sticky bit) on a file?

A. chown
B. chgrp
C. chmod
D. setfacl

Question 39:

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How do you add write permission for the group on a file?

A. chmod g+w <file_name>
B. chmod g+r <file_name>
C. chmod o+w <file_name>
D. chown g+w <file_name>

Question 40:

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What is the octal representation of the permission rwxr-xr-x?

A. 755
B. 644
C. 777
D. 744

Question 41:

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How do you recursively change the ownership of a directory and all its contents?

A. chown -R <user> <directory>
B. chown <user> <directory>
C. chmod -R <user> <directory>
D. chgrp -R <user> <directory>

Question 42:

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What does the sticky bit do when applied to a directory?

A. It allows users to delete any file in the directory.
B. It prevents users from executing files in the directory.
C. It allows only the file owner to delete or modify their own files in the directory.
D. It allows users to change permissions of files in the directory.

Question 43:

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What is the correct command to view the current ACLs for a file?

A. getfacl <file_name>
B. showacl <file_name>
C. lsacl <file_name>
D. aclshow <file_name>

Question 44:

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How do you remove write permission for others on a file?

A. chmod o-w <file_name>
B. chmod g-w <file_name>
C. chown o-w <file_name>
D. chmod o+r <file_name>

Question 45:

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What is the octal representation for the permission rwxr--r--?

A. 755
B. 644
C. 744
D. 655

Question 46:

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How do you grant read and write permissions to a specific user using ACL?

A. setfacl -m u:<user>:rw <file_name>
B. chmod u+rw <file_name>
C. chown u+rw <file_name>
D. setfacl -m rwx <user> <file_name>

Question 47:

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What does the SGID (Set Group ID) bit do when set on a directory?

A. It gives all users write access to the directory.
B. Files created in the directory will inherit the group ownership of the directory.
C. It allows any user to delete files in the directory.
D. It sets the directory to be executable by all users.

Question 48:

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Which command recursively applies permissions to all files and directories within a given directory?

A. chmod -R <permissions> <directory>
B. chmod <permissions> <directory>
C. chown -R <permissions> <directory>
D. chgrp -R <permissions> <directory>

Question 49:

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How do you remove an ACL entry for a user?

A. setfacl -x u:<user> <file_name>
B. setfacl -r u:<user> <file_name>
C. chown -r u:<user> <file_name>
D. chmod -r u:<user> <file_name>

50-65. System Time and Time Zone Configuration

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Question 50:

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Which command is used to display the current system time and time zone?

A. timedatectl
B. date
C. hwclock
D. time

Question 51:

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How can you list all available time zones on the system using timedatectl?

A. timedatectl list-timezones
B. timedatectl --zones
C. timedatectl timezones
D. timedatectl --list-all

Question 52:

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Which command will set the system time to a specific time manually?

A. timedatectl set-time 12:00:00
B. hwclock --set 12:00:00
C. timedatectl time --set 12:00:00
D. date set 12:00:00

Question 53:

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How do you set the system time zone to “America/New_York”?

A. timedatectl set-timezone America/New_York
B. timedatectl timezone America/New_York
C. timedatectl change-timezone America/New_York
D. timedatectl set-zone America/New_York

Question 54:

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Which file stores the symbolic link for the current system time zone?

A. /etc/timezone
B. /etc/localtime
C. /etc/zoneinfo
D. /etc/sysconfig/time

Question 55:

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How do you enable Network Time Protocol (NTP) synchronization?

A. timedatectl set-ntp true
B. timedatectl ntp enable
C. timedatectl ntp-sync true
D. timedatectl sync ntp on

Question 56:

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What is the purpose of the chrony service in time synchronization?

A. It is a lightweight NTP client used for time synchronization.
B. It is a tool for changing system time zones.
C. It is used to display the current system clock.
D. It disables time synchronization services.

Question 57:

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How can you check the NTP synchronization status using timedatectl?

A. timedatectl status
B. timedatectl show-ntp
C. timedatectl ntp-status
D. timedatectl sync-status

Question 58:

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Which command allows you to synchronize the hardware clock with the system clock?

A. hwclock --systohc
B. timedatectl sync-hwclock
C. hwclock --set
D. date --systohc

Question 59:

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What command will disable NTP synchronization?

A. timedatectl set-ntp false
B. timedatectl disable-ntp
C. timedatectl no-ntp
D. timedatectl stop ntp

Question 60:

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Which file contains the list of NTP servers that chronyd will sync with?

A. /etc/chrony.conf
B. /etc/ntp.conf
C. /etc/timedatectl.conf
D. /etc/timezones.conf

Question 61:

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Which option ensures that the system clock persists after a reboot?

A. timedatectl set-ntp true
B. timedatectl set-local-rtc 0
C. timedatectl persist
D. timedatectl --save-clock

Question 62:

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Which command will show both the current hardware clock time and the system clock time?

A. hwclock --show
B. timedatectl show-clock
C. hwclock --compare
D. date --compare

Question 63:

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What does the timedatectl set-local-rtc 1 command do?

A. It sets the system to use local time instead of UTC.
B. It forces NTP synchronization to use the local time.
C. It enables manual synchronization of the clock.
D. It sets the hardware clock to use UTC time.

Question 64:

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How can you verify whether chronyd is active and synchronized?

A. chronyc tracking
B. timedatectl ntp-status
C. timedatectl --chrony
D. chronyd sync-status

Question 65:

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Which systemd service manages the chrony time synchronization?

A. chronyd.service
B. ntpd.service
C. timesyncd.service
D. timedatectl.service

66-81. SELinux File Context Management

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Question 66:

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Which command shows the current SELinux mode (enforcing, permissive, or disabled)?

A. getenforce
B. setenforce
C. sestatus
D. selinux-mode

Question 67:

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How do you temporarily switch SELinux to permissive mode?

A. setenforce 0
B. getenforce 0
C. sestatus permissive
D. selinux-config --permissive

Question 68:

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What does SELinux “enforcing” mode do?

A. It logs actions but does not prevent them.
B. It enforces all SELinux policies and prevents unauthorized actions.
C. It disables SELinux.
D. It allows unauthorized actions but alerts the user.

Question 69:

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Which command will show a detailed status of SELinux, including policy version and current mode?

A. getenforce
B. sestatus
C. selinux-status
D. setenforce --status

Question 70:

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What is the function of the restorecon command?

A. It restores the default SELinux context for a file or directory.
B. It restores the system’s SELinux policy.
C. It changes the SELinux mode to enforcing.
D. It disables SELinux temporarily.

Question 71:

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Which SELinux mode is the least secure, allowing all actions without logging or restrictions?

A. Enforcing
B. Permissive
C. Disabled
D. Alert

Question 72:

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What does the chcon command do in SELinux?

A. It changes the ownership of a file.
B. It changes the SELinux context of a file or directory.
C. It restores the default SELinux policy.
D. It checks the current SELinux policy for errors.

Question 73:

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Which of the following commands will set SELinux back to enforcing mode after being in permissive mode?

A. setenforce 1
B. getenforce 1
C. sestatus enforcing
D. selinux-mode enforcing

Question 74:

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How can you disable SELinux permanently?

A. Edit /etc/selinux/config and set SELINUX=disabled
B. Use setenforce 0
C. Use getenforce --disable
D. Use restorecon --disable

Question 75:

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What does the setenforce command do?

A. It enables SELinux logs.
B. It toggles between enforcing and permissive mode for SELinux.
C. It sets default SELinux contexts.
D. It restores the SELinux policy.

Question 76:

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Which context field in SELinux specifies the security type (e.g., system_u:object_r:default_t:s0)?

A. user
B. role
C. type
D. level

Question 77:

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What is the purpose of the semanage fcontext command?

A. To view the current SELinux mode.
B. To modify or view the file context mappings in SELinux.
C. To change the file system mount options for SELinux.
D. To disable SELinux logging.

Question 78:

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Which tool can be used to troubleshoot SELinux denials and gather detailed logs?

A. ausearch
B. chcon
C. restorecon
D. setenforce

Question 79:

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What happens if SELinux is in permissive mode?

A. All actions are allowed, but SELinux denials are logged.
B. All SELinux policies are enforced.
C. SELinux is disabled completely.
D. Only specific actions are restricted by SELinux.

Question 80:

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What command would you use to view the current file security context of /var/www/html/index.html?

A. ls -Z /var/www/html/index.html
B. chcon -l /var/www/html/index.html
C. sestatus /var/www/html/index.html
D. getenforce /var/www/html/index.html

Question 81:

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What is the primary purpose of SELinux in a RHEL system?

A. To manage file permissions based on users and groups.
B. To provide mandatory access control (MAC) for processes and files.
C. To monitor and log system activities for auditing purposes.
D. To enhance firewall rules in the operating system.

82-98. Storage Management

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Question 82:

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Which command is used to create a new ext4 file system on a disk partition?

A. mkfs.ext4
B. fdisk
C. mkfs.xfs
D. parted

Question 83:

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Which command will mount a file system to the /mnt/data directory?

A. mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/data
B. mount /mnt/data /dev/sda1
C. mount /mnt/data
D. mount /dev/sda1

Question 84:

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Which file contains persistent mount information for file systems that should be mounted at boot?

A. /etc/fstab
B. /etc/mtab
C. /proc/mounts
D. /var/log/boot.log

Question 85:

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How do you create a new Logical Volume (LV) named lvdata in a Volume Group (VG) named vgdata?

A. lvcreate -L 5G -n lvdata vgdata
B. vgcreate -L 5G lvdata vgdata
C. vgextend -L 5G lvdata vgdata
D. lvadd -L 5G -n lvdata vgdata

Question 86:

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How can you extend a Logical Volume named lvdata by 2GB?

A. lvextend -L +2G /dev/vgdata/lvdata
B. lvresize -L +2G /dev/vgdata/lvdata
C. vgextend -L +2G /dev/vgdata/lvdata
D. lvcreate -L +2G /dev/vgdata/lvdata

Question 87:

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Which of the following is the correct command to format a partition with the XFS file system?

A. mkfs.xfs
B. mkfs.ext4
C. format.xfs
D. mkfs -t ext4

Question 88:

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Which command is used to activate a swap partition?

A. swapon
B. swapon -a
C. swap activate
D. swapon /etc/fstab

Question 89:

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How do you check the available free space in a Volume Group?

A. vgdisplay
B. vgcheck
C. lvdisplay
D. vgfree

Question 90:

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Which command is used to create a new partition on a disk in Linux?

A. fdisk
B. parted
C. Both A and B
D. pvcreate

Question 91:

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Which command will add a new physical volume (PV) for use in a Volume Group?

A. pvcreate /dev/sdb
B. vgcreate /dev/sdb
C. lvcreate /dev/sdb
D. fdisk /dev/sdb

Question 92:

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How do you add a new file system to an active Volume Group (VG)?

A. Create a Logical Volume (LV) and format it with a file system
B. Create a Physical Volume (PV) and format it
C. Mount the VG directly
D. Unmount the VG, then add the file system

Question 93:

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Which command shows the currently mounted file systems and their mount points?

A. df -h
B. mount
C. lsblk
D. All of the above

Question 94:

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What is the purpose of the mkswap command?

A. To create a new swap file or partition
B. To mount a swap partition
C. To activate a swap partition
D. To format a logical volume for swap

Question 95:

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Create a volume group, and set 32M as a extends. And divided a volume group containing 70 extends on volume group lv, make it as ext4 file system, and mounted automatically under /mnt/data.

Compose and reveal solution below.

pvcreate /dev/sda7 /dev/sda8
vgcreate -s 32M vg1 /dev/sda7 /dev/sda8
lvcreate -l 70 -n lvm02 vg1
mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg1/lvm01
blkid /dev/vg1/lvm01 (reveal UID)
vim /etc/fstab
UUID=abcd1234-xxxx-yyyy-zzzz-1234567890ab /mnt/data ext4 defaults 0 0
mkdir -p /mnt/data
mount -a

Question 96:

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Which of the following commands can be used to display detailed information about a Logical Volume?

A. lvdisplay
B. lvs
C. lvscan
D. All of the above

Question 97:

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What is the correct sequence to create a new file system using LVM?

A. pvcreate → vgcreate → lvcreate → mkfs
B. vgcreate → pvcreate → lvcreate → mkfs
C. pvcreate → lvcreate → vgcreate → mkfs
D. mkfs → lvcreate → vgcreate → pvcreate

Question 98:

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Which file must be edited to make a swap partition mount at boot?

A. /etc/fstab
B. /etc/mtab
C. /etc/swap
D. /proc/swaps

99-113. Networking

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Question 99:

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Which command is used to display the current IP addresses of network interfaces?

A. ip addr show
B. ifconfig -a
C. nmcli device show
D. All of the above

Question 100:

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How would you assign the IP address 192.168.1.100/24 to the eth0 interface using the ip command?

A. ip addr add 192.168.1.100/24 dev eth0
B. ip add 192.168.1.100 dev eth0
C. ip config eth0 192.168.1.100/24
D. ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.100 netmask 255.255.255.0

Question 101:

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How do you bring up the eth0 interface using nmcli?

A. nmcli device connect eth0
B. nmcli device up eth0
C. nmcli connection up eth0
D. nmcli network up eth0

Question 102:

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Which command will show the default gateway on a Linux system?

A. ip route show
B. route -n
C. netstat -rn
D. All of the above

Question 103:

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How do you reload firewall rules using firewalld?

A. firewall-cmd --reload
B. firewall-cmd --reload-rules
C. systemctl restart firewalld
D. firewalld reload

Question 104:

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Which command can be used to permanently open HTTP (port 80) in firewalld?

A. firewall-cmd --add-service=http --permanent
B. firewall-cmd --add-port=80/tcp
C. firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
D. iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT

Question 105:

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Which command will list all active firewall rules in firewalld?

A. firewall-cmd --list-all
B. iptables -L
C. firewalld list rules
D. firewall-cmd --list-rules

Question 106:

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How do you configure a static IP address for the eth0 interface using nmcli?

A. nmcli con mod eth0 ipv4.addresses 192.168.1.100/24
B. nmcli con mod eth0 ip4.address 192.168.1.100/24
C. nmcli con add ipv4.address 192.168.1.100 dev eth0
D. nmcli con mod eth0 address 192.168.1.100

Question 107:

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How can you enable the firewall on a Linux system?

A. systemctl enable firewalld
B. systemctl start firewalld
C. firewall-cmd --enable
D. Both A and B

Question 108:

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Which of the following commands will display the current network configuration for all interfaces?

A. nmcli device show
B. ip addr show
C. ifconfig -a
D. All of the above

Question 109:

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How do you configure a DNS server address using nmcli?

A. nmcli con mod eth0 ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8
B. nmcli con mod eth0 ip.dns 8.8.8.8
C. nmcli con add dns 8.8.8.8 dev eth0
D. nmcli dns mod eth0 8.8.8.8

Question 110:

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How do you check if a specific port, such as 443, is allowed through the firewall using firewalld?

A. firewall-cmd --list-ports
B. firewall-cmd --get-active-zones
C. firewall-cmd --query-port=443/tcp
D. iptables -L | grep 443

Question 111:

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Which command is used to enable and configure IP forwarding?

A. sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
B. echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
C. nmcli con mod eth0 ip-forward yes
D. Both A and B

Question 112:

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How do you permanently open port 22 (SSH) in firewalld?

A. firewall-cmd --add-port=22/tcp --permanent
B. firewall-cmd --add-service=ssh --permanent
C. iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
D. firewall-cmd --add-port=22 --permanent

Question 113:

#

Which command is used to enable and configure IP forwarding?

A. sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
B. echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
C. nmcli con mod eth0 ip-forward yes
D. Both A and B

114-128. Systemd and Service Management

#

Question 114:

#

Which command will start a service called httpd?

A. systemctl start httpd
B. service httpd start
C. systemctl enable httpd
D. start httpd

Question 115:

#

How do you enable a service to start automatically on boot?

A. systemctl enable service_name
B. systemctl start service_name
C. systemctl reload service_name
D. systemctl restart service_name

Question 116:

#

Which command is used to stop a currently running service?

A. systemctl stop service_name
B. systemctl disable service_name
C. systemctl restart service_name
D. systemctl status service_name

Question 117:

#

How can you check the status of a service?

A. systemctl status service_name
B. systemctl check service_name
C. systemctl info service_name
D. systemctl show service_name

Question 118:

#

Which command shows all active services and their statuses?

A. systemctl list-units --type=service
B. systemctl show --type=service
C. systemctl list-services
D. systemctl status

Question 119:

#

What does the command systemctl disable service_name do?

A. It prevents the service from starting on boot.
B. It stops the service immediately.
C. It restarts the service.
D. It removes the service’s configuration.

Question 120:

#

Which command will restart a service named nginx?

A. systemctl restart nginx
B. systemctl reload nginx
C. systemctl stop nginx && systemctl start nginx
D. systemctl update nginx

Question 121:

#

How do you view the most recent entries in the system log using journalctl?

A. journalctl -e
B. journalctl --latest
C. journalctl -f
D. journalctl --newest

Question 122:

#

Which command will show you logs for a specific service sshd?

A. journalctl -u sshd
B. journalctl --service=sshd
C. journalctl -f sshd
D. journalctl -p sshd

Question 123:

#

What is the purpose of a systemd target?

A. To manage system services
B. To provide a boot or run level
C. To configure network settings
D. To start a new session

Question 124:

#

How do you list all available systemd targets?

A. systemctl list-units --type=target
B. systemctl list-targets
C. systemctl show --type=target
D. systemctl list-all

Question 125:

#

Which command shows logs related to the boot process?

A. journalctl -b
B. journalctl --boot
C. journalctl -p boot
D. journalctl --startup

Question 126:

#

How do you view the logs for the previous boot using journalctl?

A. journalctl -b -1
B. journalctl --previous
C. journalctl -p previous
D. journalctl --boot -1

Question 127:

#

Which command will check if a service is currently active and running?

A. systemctl is-active service_name
B. systemctl check service_name
C. systemctl status service_name
D. systemctl active service_name

Question 128:

#

What is the purpose of the systemd unit file?

A. To define and configure a system service or resource
B. To manage system users
C. To configure network settings
D. To handle system storage

128-143. Process and Task Management

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Question 129:

#

Which command displays real-time information about system processes?

A. ps
B. top
C. htop
D. pgrep

Question 130:

#

How can you view all currently running processes using ps?

A. ps -e
B. ps -aux
C. ps -ef
D. ps -all

Question 131:

#

What does the kill -9 command do?

A. Sends a SIGTERM signal to terminate a process gracefully
B. Sends a SIGKILL signal to forcefully terminate a process
C. Displays information about the process with the specified PID
D. Pauses the process with the specified PID

Question 132:

#

How can you schedule a one-time task to run at a specific time using at?

A. at 14:00
B. at now + 1 minute
C. at 2 PM
D. at 14:00 tomorrow

Question 133:

#

Which command will list all scheduled cron jobs for the current user?

A. crontab -l
B. cron list
C. crontab --list
D. cron -l

Question 134:

#

How do you remove a scheduled cron job for the current user?

A. crontab -r
B. crontab -d
C. crontab -e
D. crontab -x

Question 135:

#

How can you view detailed information about a process, including its environment variables?

A. ps -ef
B. top -p PID
C. cat /proc/PID/environ
D. ps aux | grep PID

Question 136:

#

Which command is used to edit the cron jobs for the current user?

A. crontab -e
B. cronedit
C. crontab --edit
D. edit cron

Question 137:

#

How can you check if the cron service is running?

A. systemctl status cron
B. service cron status
C. ps aux | grep cron
D. cron status

Question 138:

#

What does the crontab entry 0 5 * * * specify?

A. Run a task at 5 AM every day
B. Run a task at 5 PM every day
C. Run a task every hour
D. Run a task every day at midnight

Question 139:

#

How can you cancel a job scheduled with at?

A. at -d job_id
B. atq -d job_id
C. atrm job_id
D. at cancel job_id

Question 140:

#

How do you display the list of pending at jobs?

A. atq
B. at -l
C. at list
D. at jobs

Question 141:

#

What does the top command do when you press k?

A. Kill a process
B. Sort processes by memory usage
C. Show kernel messages
D. Display process information in kilobytes

Question 142:

#

How can you schedule a task to run every Monday at 2:30 PM using cron?

A. 30 14 * * 1
B. 30 14 * * MON
C. 30 14 * * 0
D. 30 14 1 * 1

Question 143:

#

Which command will display the CPU usage of all processes?

A. top
B. ps aux
C. vmstat
D. iostat

144-161. Basic Shell Scripting

#

Question 144:

#

Which command is used to create a new bash script file?

A. touch script.sh
B. nano script.sh
C. vi script.sh
D. All of the above

Question 145:

#

What is the purpose of the #!/bin/bash line at the beginning of a script?

A. It specifies the script’s file format.
B. It indicates the interpreter to be used for the script.
C. It defines the script’s permissions.
D. It initializes environment variables.

Question 146:

#

How do you assign a value to a variable in a bash script?

A. variable=value
B. variable = value
C. variable:value
D. variable == value

Question 147:

#

How do you access the value of a variable in a bash script?

A. $variable
B. variable$
C. {variable}
D. &variable

Question 148:

#

Which construct is used to execute commands conditionally in a bash script?

A. for
B. while
C. if
D. case

Question 149:

#

How do you write a loop that iterates 5 times in a bash script?

A. for i in {1..5}; do ... done
B. while i < 5; do ... done
C. repeat 5; do ... done
D. loop 5; do ... done

Question 150:

#

Which command is used to print text to the terminal in a bash script?

A. echo
B. print
C. printf
D. output

Question 151:

#

How do you read user input into a variable in a bash script?

A. read variable
B. input variable
C. get variable
D. scan variable

Question 152:

#

What does the $(command) syntax do in a bash script?

A. Executes the command in a subshell and returns the output
B. Assigns the command to a variable
C. Runs the command in the background
D. Executes the command as a root user

Question 153:

#

How do you append text to a file in a bash script?

A. echo "text" >> file.txt
B. echo "text" > file.txt
C. append "text" file.txt
D. write "text" file.txt

Question 154:

#

Which conditional statement checks if a file exists in a bash script?

A. if [ -f file.txt ]; then
B. if [ -e file.txt ]; then
C. if [ file.txt ]; then
D. if [ -d file.txt ]; then

Question 155:

#

How can you execute commands in the background in a bash script?

A. command &
B. command bg
C. command fork
D. command --background

Question 156:

#

Which operator is used to test equality between two strings in bash?

A. ==
B. =
C. eq
D. equal

Question 157:

#

How do you specify a command to run if the previous command fails in a bash script?

A. command1 || command2
B. command1 && command2
C. command1; command2
D. command1 | command2

Question 158:

#

What is the purpose of the case statement in bash scripting?

A. To execute commands based on multiple conditions
B. To handle file operations
C. To manage process execution
D. To loop through numbers

Question 159 (Advanced):

#

Write a bash script that checks if a directory exists and creates it if it does not.

#!/bin/bash
DIR="/path/to/directory"
if [ ! -d “$DIR” ]; then
echo “Directory does not exist. Creating now…”
mkdir -p “$DIR”
echo “Directory created.”
else
echo “Directory already exists.”
fi

Question 160 (Advanced):

#

Write a bash script that reads a list of filenames from a text file and prints their sizes.

#!/bin/bash
FILE_LIST=“files.txt”
while IFS= read -r file; do
if [ -f “$file” ]; then
echo “$file: $(stat -c%s “$file”) bytes”
else
echo “$file does not exist.”
fi
done < “$FILE_LIST”

Question 161 (Advanced):

#

Create a bash script that backs up a directory to a specified backup location and logs the outcome.

#!/bin/bash
SOURCE_DIR="/path/to/source"
BACKUP_DIR="/path/to/backup"
LOG_FILE="/path/to/backup.log"
TIMESTAMP=$(date +"%Y%m%d%H%M%S")
echo “Starting backup at $TIMESTAMP” » “$LOG_FILE”
if cp -r “$SOURCE_DIR” “$BACKUP_DIR/backup_$TIMESTAMP”; then
echo “Backup successful” » “$LOG_FILE”
else
echo “Backup failed” » “$LOG_FILE”
fi